Additional information sources for the 2025 Investment Outlook Seminar video
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Please note that graphics shown in the presentation included references to source material.
- Real gross domestic product growth: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CPIMEDSL
- U.S. consumer spending: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/PCE
- Consumer confidence: https://www.conference-board.org/topics/consumer-confidence/
- Consumer sentiment: https://www.sca.isr.umich.edu/
- Fed Dual Mandate: The Federal Reserve’s Dual Mandate – Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago (chicagofed.org)
- Federal Open Market Committee projections, September 17,2025: https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/fomcprojtabl20250917.htm
- Artificial intelligence spending: https://hai.stanford.edu/assets/files/hai_ai_index_report_2025.pdf
- Retirement-age population growth: https://www.empower.com/the-currency/money/silver-wave-4-million-americans-will-turn-65-2024
- Consumer spending as component of GDP: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DPCERE1Q156NBEA
- Foreign-born population leaving U.S.: https://www.axios.com/2025/08/21/trump-immigration-jobs-agriculture-meatpack
- Rising medical costs: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CPIMEDSL
- Artificial intelligence spending: https://hai.stanford.edu/assets/files/hai_ai_index_report_2025.pdf
- Tariff rates historically:
- https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-average-u-s-tariff-rate-since-1890/
- Chinese trade surplus: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2025-09-22/china-floods-world-with-record-amount-of-cheap-goods-after-trump-s-tariffs?leadSource=reddit_wall&embedded-checkout=true
- European Union defense spending commitments: https://commission.europa.eu/topics/defence/future-european-defence_en